On January 27, 1994, soldiers of the 31 Madras Regiment, the 15 Punjab Regiment and the Rashtriya Rifles as well as Kilo Force (counterinsurgency) (under the command of GDS Bakshi and VK Singh) through "deliberate and indiscriminate" firing killed at least 21 people and injured at least 37 people in Kupwara. This fact finding probe was compiled by Institute of Kashmir studies and has been reproduced by Legal Forum for Kashmir.

Topics: Kupwara massacre: brief facts, insights from witness statements, tolls of the massacre, IKS study, testimonies, International Forum for Justice, Human Rights takes the role ahead, CID of J&K Police submits a report with SHRC, list of perpetrators, lists of victims

‍Terms: systematic killing, mass killing, systematic maiming, mass maiming, denial of right to free expression, legalized impunity, failure of accountability, war crimes, crimes against humanity

On the morning of January 6, 1993, Indian troops of the 94 Battalion of the Border Security Force (94 Bn. BSF), led by Commanding Officer S. Thangappan, shot and killed 46 people and injured dozens more. This fact finding probe into the January 6, 1993 Sopore Massacre was compiled by Institute of Kashmir studies and has been reproduced by Legal Forum for Kashmir.

Topics: Sopore massacre: brief facts, government inquiry of the Sopore massacre, public reaction and protests after the Sopore massacre, statements by international organizations, politicians and Hurriyat, Sopore massacre in the local press, Sopore massacre and human rights organizations, list of civilians killed, list of civilians injured, details of property damaged, details of houses burnt, divisional fire officer's diary, probe into Sopore incidents yet to take off

Terms: systematic killing, mass killing, mass arson, systematic destruction of property, systematic maiming, mass maiming, denial of right to free assembly, legalized impunity, failure of accountability, war crimes, crimes against humanity

This is an overview of the human rights situation in Indian-administered Kashmir. Among other violations, the following violations were recorded: at least 312 killings (at least 181 resistance fighters, 45 civilians, and 86 Indian forces personnel), at least 199 military cordon and search or cordon and destroy operations and the vandalism or destruction of approximately 212 civilian properties.

Topics: militarization of Jammu and Kashmir, civilian killings, extrajudicial and custodial killings, destruction and vandalism of civilian properties, compensation, properties seized, continuous denial of burial and funeral rights, termination of employees, war against the academics, harassment and persecution of Kashmiris in India, how lawful is the UAPA, continuous detention of human rights defenders, freedom of speech, erosion of newspaper data, forced into self-censorship, arrest and summoning of religious clerics, Kashmir an information black hole, social media, settler colonialism, politics of Amarnath Yatra, forcing Kashmiri students to sing Hindu bhajans, illegal acquisition of land by Indian army, giving non-locals voting rights

Terms: violation of right to life, extrajudicial killing, custodial killing, destruction of property, taking of property, expropriation, violation of cultural rights, violation of freedom of religion or belief, reprisals, violation of right to work, violation of academic freedom, discrimination, targeting, Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), targeting human rights defenders, violation of right to free expression, violation of right to free press and information, violation of political rights, political disempowerment, settler colonialism, forced demographic change

This report addresses the role of U.S.-based social media companies in the digital occupation of Indian-Administered Jammu and Kashmir (IAJK). The first and second portions of this report provides background information on India’s digital authoritarianism and digital occupation of IAJK and the role of social media companies in aiding and abetting human rights violations in IAJK, as well as providing context for the role these same companies play in other countries. The third part of this report analyzes the legal obligations and oversight mechanisms to which these companies are subject. The fourth and final part of this report enumerates certain action items that human rights defenders and advocates might pursue to seek accountability for these companies’ violations and protect the freedom of expression of their users.

Topics: the rise of digital authoritarianism in IAJK and abroad, social media platforms violations in IAJK that contribute to digital authoritarianism, applicable legal obligations and responsibilities of the state and social media corporations, actions items and methods for human rights defenders

Terms: digital authoritarianism, suppression of free expression, hate speech, internet shutdowns, communications blackouts, surveillance, corporate complicity in human rights violations, Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), Jammu and Kashmi Public Safety Act (PSA)

These remarks delivered by Ahmed Adam at the 51st regular session of the UN Human Rights Council address the detention of Kashmiri human rights defender Khurram Parvez and the harassment of members of the Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society.

Topics: reprisals against those who cooperate with the UN, Khurram Parvez, legitimacy of UN Human Rights Council

Terms: detention of Khurram Parvez, harassment of Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society (JKCCS), failure of international accountability