This brief summarizes whether and what portions of Jammu and Kashmir are occupied and colonized under international law.

On the 77th anniversary of the date India claim's the Instrument of Accession was executed (note: the mere existence of the Instrument of Accession, as well as the date of its purported execution, are disputed), this brief summarizes what the Instrument of Accession is, why (if it exists) it is legally invalid and how it remains the basis of ongoing grave illegalities.

In August 2024, Indian authorities continued to commit grave human rights violations in Indian-administered Kashmir (IAK). Indian forces killed at least six people, continued their ongoing campaign of mass arbitrary detention in IAK and further escalated militarization and forced demographic change in the region, deploying at least 300 additional companies and granting property rights to 22,000 non-local Hindu families.

Numerous Kashmiri journalists, human rights defenders, political activists, and dissenters continue to be arbitrarily detained. Emblematic cases include those of human rights defender Khurram Parvez—illegally imprisoned for over almost three years (1,044 days), journalist Irfan Mehraj—illegally imprisoned for over a year and a half (560 days) and academic Abul Ala Fazili—illegally imprisoned for almost two and half years (898) days.

This brief report provides a critical summary of the human rights situation in Indian-administered Kashmir since August 2019 to August 2024, outlining widespread, grave human rights violations resulting from India's long-standing illegal occupation and colonization of, and militarized, repressive governance in, the territory.

Released on the 64^thanniversary of the signing of the Indus Waters Treaty, Blood Flows with the Water: An International Legal Assessment of the Indus Waters Treaty provides groundbreaking legal analysis regarding the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) with a focus on Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The Indus Waters Treaty governs water rights with respect to a globally critical fresh water resource in one of the most geopolitically dangerous, climatically impacted and systematically ignored parts of the world. Through accessible legal analysis, this report demonstrates:

- The Treaty violates international treaty law, international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international water law.

- The Treaty has promoted in and continues to cause various grave violations of international law.  

- The Treaty is invalid under international law.  

Ultimately, this report argues that the Treaty should be replaced with an equitable sharing arrangement consistent with international law.