In 1971, the third India-Pakistan war since Partition (primarily over East Pakistan or, thereafter, Bangladesh) resulted in Pakistani defeat.  In June 1972, GoI and GoP entered into the Simla Agreement.  Key provisions of the Simla Agreement include:

• Agreement that the principles and purposes of the UN Charter will govern relations between India and Pakistan;
• Agreement that the two countries would settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations or by any other peaceful means mutually agreed upon between them; and
• Agreement that the line of control resulting from the cease-fire of December 17, 1971 would be respected by both sides without prejudice to their respective positions.

Topics: peacebuilding, peaceful settlement, UN Charter

This resolution demanded a durable ceasefire and cessation of hostilities until withdrawals of all armed forces to the ceasefire line in Kashmir. It also requested the Secretary-General to keep the Council informed “without delay” on developments related to the implementation of the resolution

Demands a durable cease-fire and cessation of all hostilities in conflict areas be strictly observed and remain in effect until withdrawals take place, as soon as practicable, of all armed forces to positions supervised by UNMOGIP

Calls upon:

• All member states to refrain from any action which may aggravate the situation in the subcontinent or endanger international peace
• All those concerned to take all measures necessary to preserve human life and for the observance of the Geneva Conventions of 1949
• International assistance in the relief of suffering and rehabilitation of refugees and their return in safety and dignity to their homes

Topics: demilitarization, international peace, international intervention, Geneva Conventions, right to life, relief, rehabilitation, right of return

Council meetings were called following deterioration in relations between India and Pakistan over several incidents, including Jammu and Kashmir and in East Pakistan. Additionally, UNMOGIP reported violations on both sides of the Karachi Agreement (1949).                

Notes the lack of unanimity among permanent members over two UNSC meetings has prevented UNSC from exercising its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security and decides to refer question to the UN General Assembly

Topics: international peace, international intervention, failure of bilateralism, UMOGIP, Karachi Agreement

Nominally India’s premier “anti-terrorism” law, the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act has been widely used in Indian-Administered Jammu and Kashmir (after August 2019) to suppress any kind of dissent or free expression, “legally” detaining people and denying them due process and access to justice.  The UAPA authorizes warrantless searches and detention for six months (without charge or trial or an opportunity at bail) if a person is deemed by the goverment to be capable of committing a crime.  In Indian-Administered Jammu and Kashmir, it is often used independently and in combination with the Public Safety Act to arbitrarily detain prisoners of conscscience.‍

Topics: preventive detention, arbitrary imprisonment, violation of political rights, violation of right to liberty, violation of right to free expression, violation of freedom of belief, violation of due process, violation of right to habeas corpus, violation of right to free and fair trial, prisoners of conscience, suppression of dissent, colonial domination

Reaffirms UNSC Resolution 211, requests GoI and GoP to cooperate toward full implementation of para 1 of UNSC Resolution 211, calls on GoI and GoP to instruct their armed personnel to cooperate with UN and cease all military activity and insists there be an end to cease-fire violations

Demands the prompt and unconditional execution of the proposal previously agreed in principle by GoI and GoP to meet with the UN Secretary-General for the purpose of formulating an agreed plan and schedule for withdrawals by both parties

Topics: international peace, international intervention, failure of bilateralism, demilitarization